Agriculture in Brazil Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Free Essays

This paper inspected the recorded and political principle of agrarian strategy definition in Brazil from 1964 to 1992. The article likewise fixated on how exchange, credit, and backing value strategy advanced in light of financial emergency and democratization during the 1980s. The monetary emergency made the agrarian approach of Brazil be upgraded with the change in political system and with the foundations of intrigue bunch portrayal that fundamentally affected the course of strategy change projects and appraisals. We will compose a custom paper test on Agribusiness in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The arrival to a law based system of this country allowed the neighborhood lawmaking bodies and the legal executive to partake in progressively noteworthy farming arrangement rules. All the while, the republic prompted the scrutinizing of different establishments and there was a development of progressively participatory associations in the horticultural division. These progressions have caused strategy making to turn out to be progressively dependent upon express principles, which should prompt increasingly unsurprising strategies and a drawn out decrease in victimization Brazilian horticulture (Helfand 1999). Brazil advanced farming and incredibly accomplished a quick development in this segment, however its record on neediness was disillusioning (Helfand 2001). One explanation was that predispositions inside the horticultural part, strikingly in tax collection and financed credit, favor huge ranchers and work to the drawback of work. These inclinations interface with the exceptionally unjust beginning area dispersion to diminish the increases to the poor from development. Brazil strikingly shows that advancing horticulture isn't sufficient. Approaches inside the part additionally matter. Brazil’s personal duty enormously favors horticulture comparable to different areas, yet just the rich can receive the rewards. Through extraordinary arrangements in the personal expense code, enterprises can bar up to 80 percent of horticultural benefits from their available salary, and people can incorporate 90 percent. Fixed ventures can be completely deteriorated in the primary year and can even be devalued two to multiple times over. This, along with high expansion, energizes partnerships and the rich to over put resources into land. The outcome has been the aggregation of huge Agribusiness in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 2 landholdings and increments in land costs that surpass development in land efficiency. The poor don't profit by the tax cuts, since they make good on no personal duty, and they can't bear to purchase land. Many move to wilderness regions looking for unclaimed land. A dynamic land duty could counterbalance the predisposition in the annual expense. Brazil attempted this yet fizzled due to across the board avoidance and numerous special cases. One such special case, expected to empower land use, decreases the assessment by up to 90 percent if proprietors utilize the land to munch cows. This advances the change of forestland to uneconomic domesticated animals farming, lessens the interest for work, and has unsafe condition results (Grahan 1987). Farming credit has been extraordinarily twisted in Brazil. As of not long ago, genuine financing costs on legitimate credit were negative, and genuine financing costs on advances for farming were lower than in the nonagricultural division (Grahan 1987). The distinction in credit terms between parts has been promoted in the cost of land. In spite of the fact that endowments raise benefits in agribusiness, they have essentially profited huge ranchers and have energized over the top automation, again decreasing the interest for incompetent work. Destitute individuals who need land titles have not profited by credit appropriations. Rural arrangements in Brazil have diminished work request and have made it practically unthinkable for a destitute individual to purchase land and become a rancher. Open doors for untalented specialists to get aptitudes by turning out to be long haul laborers have been significantly diminished by financed motorization (Helfand 1999). The years from 1947 to 1963 were for the most part called the import replacement period. The essential rural objective in the main time frame was to deliver a sufficient flexibly of sensibly evaluated nourishment for urban workers. An auxiliary objective was to produce remote trade to fund the importation of modern crude materials and capital products. Agribusiness was not viewed as an indispensable development area, yet rather a repository for surplus work not consumed by fast Horticulture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 3 industrialization. From 1961 to 1963, food deficiencies, high food costs, and close hyper-swelling constrained the legislature to concentrate on the horticultural part. The failure to adapt to these issues and worry over radical legislative issues brought about the military-drove transformation of 1964. The subsequent period (1964 to introduce) is a period of monetary development portrayed by send out extension and expansion. The military governments after 164 upheld a totally unique job for the farming segment. The overall backwardness of the part was recognized, yet the causes and fixes were seen in an unexpected way. Ranchers were accepted to be receptive to costs and the bends and disincentives made in the previous period were continuously expelled. New government speculations and motivations underlined modernization of farming (Truran 1977). Huge amounts of sponsored credit were attached to the acquisition of â€Å"modern† sources of info, for example, improved seed, manures, synthetic substances, and hardware (Grahan 1987). These data sources were made all the more effectively accessible by conversion scale controls, exaggerated trade rates, charge exceptions, and direct government appropriation. Low premium credits for working expenses and speculation use urged ranchers to deliver certain harvests and animals. Speculations to improve showcasing and transportation offices were made, to some extent, to profit the farming division. Agrarian exploration and expansion got more consideration as the turn of events and adjustment of innovation got significant notwithstanding stale yields (Truran 1977). Rural advancement in Brazil since its commencement has likewise been related with the expansion of its territory wilderness. After 1950, this procedure has been enhanced by some framework advancement, attempted by enormous ranchers and privately owned businesses, who Agribusiness in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 4 were intensely financed through negative loan costs, particularly during the 1970s (Grahan 1987). The most effective method to refer to Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis, Papers

Meiji Restoration essays

Meiji Restoration expositions The Meiji Restoration was a progressive period during which Japan was changed from a primitive state into an advanced state. The opening of Japan's ports to Western pilgrim armadas indicated the shortcoming of Tokugawa and activated patriot developments. In 1867 master majestic daimyo recommended that Tokugawa Yoshinobu should surrender his place and recognize magnificent power. He consented to step down, however radicals held onto his royal residence on January 3, 1868 and declared rebuilding under Emperor Meiji. The period when Meiji was reestablished Japan was a militarily powerless nation, essentially farming, and had minimal mechanical turn of events. With an end goal to change and reinforce Japan, the progressive heads propelled a progression of conservative and social changes. A large number of individuals were out of nowhere allowed to pick their occupation and move without limitations. The administration began building railroads and transportation lines, phone and transmit frameworks, shipyards, and numerous customer businesses. The administration likewise presented a constitution by making a chosen Parliament called the Diet to win the regard of Westerners and create a decent domain for national development. Japan changed the whole lawful framework to make Westerns update the inconsistent settlements which were marked in 1850s. In 1894 Westerners consented to change the bargains and recognize Japan as an equivalent country. The constitution finished differentiations among classes and made individuals amass in building another country. What's more, the administration set up new colleges and new schools to show individuals the cutting edge innovation. Meiji recruited western instructors to aid Japanese schools. Understudies were sent to Europe and the United States to consider present day science and innovation. Meiji government made a solid military to battle outsiders and catch new domains. It was extremely fundamental to have a solid military to remain shielded from remote attack and demonstrate its capacity to different countries. Japa... <!

Fall 2014 Wait List Decisions Will Be Sent Today

Fall 2014 Wait List Decisions Will Be Sent Today Its been nearly two weeks since the May 1 reply deadline, and we know many of you have been awaiting news about our wait list. tldr: every year we hope to take students from our waitlist, and we are excited that we are able to admit 28 students this year. Today, at 5PM Eastern Time, we will email all students on our wait list their admission decision,  and you should receive it shortly thereafter, depending on how things go with the FCC.  At that point, we will consider our wait list “closed” and will not be admitting any additional students for the Class of 2018, not even a Targaryen dragonlord. We have seen all the wonderful updates that many of you have submitted, and appreciate the time and effort you have put in to letting us know how much you love MIT. We know you will have incredibly bright futures and great college experiences, and wish you all the very best at whatever college you choose. Last week I mentioned I had been a transfer student. Well, I also was a wait list student, so Ive been there too. Those of you among the 28 are about to have to make another decision, but hopefully its a welcome problem to have. For those of you who are not, I hope the decision is also welcome, and that you will bring your full focus to bear on completely crushing whatever college you attend next year, or whatever else you choose to do with your bad self. I know it will be great.

Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths Essay

According to Gary Colombo â€Å"Beginning college can be disconcerting experience.† (Gary Colombo, p. 1). Colombo also writes about how it might be stressful for students being it’s their first time away from home and has to deal with the stress from the real world and having independence. Colombo also explains that students will have to use their brains when thinking Critically and thinking outside the box. Colombo mentions that â€Å"Culture shapes the way we think; it tells us what â€Å"makes sense† â€Å"(Colombo, p. 3). Colombo explains that â€Å"Beginning college can be disconcerting experience† (Colombo, p.1). That there will be more peer pressure from your peers and an increase expectations that you have never faced during your high†¦show more content†¦3). The society in North America has their own believes but a lot of people use television and media for a big influence. Colombo expresses that â€Å"Cultural Myths as Obstacles to C ritical Thinking† (Colombo, p.4). Cultural Myths will throw different obstacles in the mix, and put people in different categories: Either men or women, heterosexuals or homosexuals. As adults people worry more and care about different categories and when the adult was a child they do not care about the categories. Being a good critical thinker will give her a good opportunity in seeing the difference in the world. Colombo also questions the basis of Critical Thinking â€Å"By questioning the myths that dominate our culture, we can begin to resist the limits they impose on our vision† (Colombo, p. 6). Colombo also states â€Å"because cultural myths serve such large and varied needs, they’re not always coherent or consistent† (Colombo, p. 6) With the basis of Critical Thinking is the â€Å"learning to recognize contradictions lies at the very heart of Critical thinking† (Colombo, p. 6). I agree that there is a lot of peer pressure in college from your peers and other influences. If one of your peers are going to a party or out to a night club most likely you will be asked to go. In high school it was harder to go out to a party or to a night club because you lived at home with your parents or guardians. If you decide to move out in the beginningShow MoreRelatedSteps to Becoming a Critical Thinker in the Textbook, Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths848 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† preface to the textbook ninth edition Rereading America is written by Bedford/St. Martin’s Press, is edited by Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle published in 2008. It introduces how to become a critical reader, and it challenges us to think critically. To understand well what critical thinking is, the introduction divides into different sections to comprehend how to be a critical thinker steps by steps. The author providesRead MoreThe Measure of S uccess Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately what we decide to do with our life that determines how successful one can be. This takes a lot of hard work, curiosity, the ability to think critically, and the support of family and teachers. In the articles â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† by Gary Colombo, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, and â€Å"Learning Power: The Myth of Education and Empowerment† there are many different viewpoints about how to be successful and what education has to do with it. These articlesRead MoreIs Gender The Same Element As Sex? Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pageselement as Sex? This topic is complicated for the reason that countless people confuse these two as the same, but they are two absolutely different concepts. There are several Cultural Myths about Gender and Sex. Gary Colombo, who wrote: â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† who explains that a cultural myt h is a shared set of customs, values, ideas, and beliefs, as well as a common language. In â€Å"Sisterhood is Complicated† by Ruth Padawer who is a contributing writer at The New YorkRead MoreCultural Myths About Gender And Sex Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesare several Cultural Myths about gender and sex. Gary Colombo, who wrote: â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths† explains that a cultural myth is a â€Å"shared set of customs, values, ideas, and beliefs, as well as a common language (3).† In â€Å"Sisterhood is Complicated† by Ruth Padawer, a contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine, she focuses on gender and social issues. Padawer shows various stereotypes about gender roles and sex, and how they form multiple cultural myths. Pawader alsoRead MoreThe Importance Of Formal Education1066 Words   |  5 PagesWith Formal Education, it benefits the growth of the students mind. Formal Education helps build on the students crit ical thinking skills. Critical Thinking allows the students to develop new ways to look at certain topics or discussions with a deeper meaning. As a student, many obstacle of judgement and peer pressure will arise during our time as a student. Cultural myths can affect a way a student will most likely run into a specific group that will try to manipulate you into their thought processRead MoreEssay on Media Advertising - Absolut Advertising Campaign1675 Words   |  7 Pagesthey produce messages that carry specific ideas and beliefs targeted toward a certain thinking body of people. A familiar phrase in America is, â€Å"art imitates life.† It defines life as essential to art, but can we say the reverse? Could life imitate art? The semantics of the phrase seem too ambiguous for such a statement. What is the definition of art, of life? The phrase suggests that art reinforces cultural and social beliefs by using the verb imitate. If art imitates life, then life imit atesRead MoreEssay about Leadership in Early Childhood1466 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch about curriculum and an in-depth knowledge of curriculum approaches and theories of learning and development. This way, they are then able to communicate, inform and share valuable information with other educators as they lead through challenging yet highly achievable goals and expectations. An educational leader will need to consider the following list of essential key factors, discussed below, in taking up this role; with two theories of leadership in mind, which evidently captures theRead MoreQueer Theory : The Matrix2120 Words   |  9 Pagesand the importance of institutional and discursive power.4 Postcolonial theory seeks to account for the impacts of colonialism and colonization on people and places that were colonised. It challenges the very ways in which the world is known, challenging the unacknowledged and unexamined assumptions at the heart of western disciplines that are profoundly insensitive to the meanings, values and practices of other cultures. 2 It is valuable because it calls attention to the use of language and imageryRead MoreThe Media Industry Of Capturing A Mass Audience1865 Words   |  8 Pagesthat faces the media industry of capturing a mass audience now fragmented into millions of niches. â€Å"Because of their widespread attractiveness, abundant and diverse symbolic content, and ease of use, new media technologies help change the locus of ‘cultural programming’ from institutional sources of information and entertainment to individual persons, small groups, and growing numbers of ‘virtual cultures’† (Lull 135). Aside from the challenges of fragmenting audiences and the impact of new technologiesRead MoreLiterary Review of Sexuality and Gender in Science Fiction Literature3057 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"feminist SF is not simply SF about women; it is SF written in the interests of women† (128). In other words feminist SF is an effective and powerful means for feminist visio nary developments that are crucial for the initial attempts to embark on the cultural and social changes that are the goals for the feminist political enterprise. Hollinger discusses Le Guin’s view that feminist SF doesn’t prophecy the future but it refers to the world as it is. This is interesting because it emphasises this idea

Diagnosing and Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia Essay

Anemia is a condition in which your blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells. These cells play an important role because are the main carriers of oxygen to your organs. They take up oxygen from the lungs and release carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Without the red blood cells, you body wouldn’t get any oxygen or carbon dioxide and your body would slowly die. Anemia can be mild or severe. It can be so mild, that people go a long time without even know they have it. They’ll start to realize it the worse it gets. There are over 400 types of anemia, here are some. Sickle cell anemia is when your red blood cells break down fast, so your organs don’t receive oxygen; it mainly affects African-Americans. Pernicious anemia is when your†¦show more content†¦Some of them include: weakness, pale skin, dizziness or lightheadedness, extreme fatigue, cold feet and hands, unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances; such as ice or dirt, or restless legs syn drome; which is an uncomfortable tingling or crawling feeling in your legs. Two of the main reasons one might get this illness is if you don’t have enough in-take of iron and if you loose a large amount of blood. If you are not taking enough iron rich foods, it can affect your health and make you prone to have iron deficiency anemia. Also, if you notice that you are loosing an abnormal amount of blood because of menstruation or pregnancy you should consult your doctor. This is something that can lead to something serious, most likely anemia. Other reasons one might get it is because of frequent blood donation and digestive conditions. I know first hand what its like to have iron deficiency anemia. I have had it for almost four years and I know what its like to not even know when you have it. I was diagnosed with anemia when I fainted in a movie theater after loosing a very large amount of blood from my menstrual cycle. I knew it wasn’t normal, but I was not aware of ho w serious it actually was . I began to have symptoms a few hours before going to the movies, but I did not pay much attention to it. After the incident in the theaters, I was rushed to the hospital and that is when they diagnosed me with iron-deficiency anemia. I had almost all ofShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Anemia and Nutritional Issues Essay3613 Words   |  15 PagesThe Relationship Between Anemia and Nutritional Issues INTRODUCTION Anemia can be defined as a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood caused by low hemoglobin concentration (A Practical Guide, 1). Cells in the body require oxygen to fully utilize fuels. The oxygen is transported from the lungs to tissues throughout the body via red blood cells. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin, a specific molecule within each red blood cell. This molecule consists of heme, which isRead MoreAnemia Is Common Among Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus2062 Words   |  9 PagesAnemia is common among individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of anemia is high people living with HIV are likely to be malnourished, have low CD4 counts and have high rates of comorbidities such as tuberculosis and malaria [2, 3] The presence of anemia predicts poor clinical outcomes like death, clinical progression to AIDS, morbidity and a poor quality of life during the course of the HIV infection whether th e person is on ART orRead MoreThe History, Use, and Effectiveness of Medicinal Drugs4647 Words   |  19 Pagesand Nutrient Supplements VII. Future Prospects and Trends in Pharmacology (Pgs 32-42) VIII. Recipe (Pgs 43-44) Endnotes (Pgs 45-46) Bibliography (Pgs 47-48) The science and ambidexterity of treating, diagnosing, and preventing disease is known as the field of Medicine. In ancient times Medicine was a vague field, mostly incorporated with magic and superstition, it was not like our modern medical system of scientific analysis.  Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and EvaluationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesexamples, and problemspeciï ¬ c tutorials. Enhanced WebAssign is more than a homework system—it is a complete learning system for students. ThomsonNOWâ„ ¢ Homework (0-495-39230-8) ThomsonNOW’s Personalized Study plans allow students to study smarter by diagnosing their weak areas, and helping them focus on what they need to learn. Based on responses to chapter speciï ¬ c pre-tests, the plans suggest a course of study for students, xx ââ€"   Preface including many multimedia and interactive exercises

Innovative Hr Practices by Organisation Across Different Sectors Free Essays

Innovative HR Practices by Organisation across Different Sectors Introduction Companies are taking up people-related initiatives as there is a need to manage human resources advantageously, so as not to lose the competitive edge in talent that they have built. In managing their human resources, companies have time and again focused on values, invested in personnel, emphasized on meritocracy and consequently attaining excellence in HR processes. Innovative Practices of Recruitment and Selection * Second career Internship Program: Tata SCIP was launched in March 2008 on International Women’s Day . We will write a custom essay sample on Innovative Hr Practices by Organisation Across Different Sectors or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a career transition management programme for women professionals who have taken a break of 1-8 years for any reason, and wish to re-enter the professional space. * Holding on to the employees Quatrro BPO Solutions has nurtured a concept of keeping in touch with high performers who leave the concern and hone in them, whenever they want to come back. * Making use of pre hiring Process: Genpact, the BPO pioneer, uses a pre-hiring process to aid in arresting attrition. The organisation brings people before they join, and have them look at the workplace. If the people choose to join, that reduces potential attrition. * Checking the Profile on Social Networking Sites: Organisations are pursing the candidate’s profile on sites such as Face book and LinkedIn. Once a candidate applies, his social behavior is traced. The persons social Skills decide if he fits the job. This practice has also started in India. Innovative practices of Reward and Recognition In today’s competitive world, rewards and recognition plays an important role in motivating and retaining employees. Rewards and recognition is an important part in every HR plan these days. Rewarding the high performing and motivating others to become such is becoming mandatory in IT BPO industry. 1. Giving Store Vouchers like Shoppers stop, life style etc. 2. Giving cash prizes. 3. Giving articles (wide range of durables as per the level of performance). 4. Organizing holiday trips. 5. Article Gifting Innovative Practices of Motivation Giving Freebies Every weekend, people working at Coco-Cola India’s Gurgan Head quarters received for liters of company beverages free in a program called weekend funda * Providing Dependent Insurance The biggest employee benefit, HSBC provided to its employees was 100% hospitalization benefit for employees Spouse and children. * Offering Stock Options iGate is among a few firms, that has continued to offer stock options to its employee s. There are longterm investment measures for weeding, families, even retirement. Making use of Music Raymond Limited Hosted Music events to its employees. Dream Circle is a group of people with different skill set who play percussion instrument in freestyle but produce a harmonized rhythm in the end. * Treating as Guest: At Marriot Hotels India, The employee usually join the hotel in the batches. The hotel grates six off days every month, something uncommon for the hotel industry and there is also excellent system of compensatory off, * Launching Employee Assistance Program HSBC initiated the Employee Assistant Program(EAP) to assist in coping with trauma and stress post 26/11. Innovative Practices of cost Cutting * Offering Sabbatiacal Package * Offering VRS * Compulsory Leaves Innovative Practices of Traning * Providing Classroom Curriculam * Empowering Young Executives * Encouraging a culture of Innovation * Watching Film Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that those companies that have invested considerable time and resource in building a solid human capital management foundation are better positioned to weather the strom. How to cite Innovative Hr Practices by Organisation Across Different Sectors, Papers

The Epic of Gilgamesh free essay sample

The story of Gilgamesh was one of the world’s first literary works but most importantly the very first epic. â€Å"An epic or heroic poem is a long narrative poem, on a serious subject [that was] written in a grand or elevated style, centered on a larger-than-life hero† (Lynch). Because it was only recited orally for many centuries it was forgotten and vanished until â€Å"it was recorded at Sumer in the late third millennium B. C. E† (Fiero 19). The story of Gilgamesh is about an arrogant ruler, who changes because of an immense love and friendship with his companion Enkidu, it is a story about the wisdom he acquires with his journeys, and the inevitability of death. The story begins with the introduction of the two main characters, Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The love these friends will stumble upon for each other makes both of them change as individuals. From their initial encounter they will discard part of their own lives and give a piece of them to each other. Enkidu’s journey out of the wilderness with Gilgamesh. leads to his death. Gilgamesh, distraught over his companion’s death, goes on a search for everlasting life. Gilgamesh continues his journey to Dilmun in search of Upnapishtim (who is Gilgamesh’s father) the only mortal that gods have given everlasting life. From the mortal man Gilgamesh is told that there is no permanence in life. . Gilgamesh’s journey leads him to the realization that he has lost the ability to live forever, that the ultimate fate of all humans is death. Gilgamesh at the end of his journey invites Urshanabi to view the greatness of Uruk, the architectural and organizational achievement that assures his cultural immortality. In like manner, the Sumerians completely disappeared as s people. Their language, however, lived on as the language of culture. Their writings, their business organization, their scientific knowledge, and their mythology and law were spread westward by the Babylonians and Assyrians. It is clear that this epic tale embodies the ideals and values of the Mesopotamian civilization and the history of ancient Sumeria, including it cities, kings and religions. * In the centuries that followed the immigration of the Sumerians, the country grew rich and powerful. Art and architecture, crafts, religious and ethical thought flourished. Temple towns grew into city-states, which are considered the basis of the first true civilizations. * The acknowledgement that Gilgamesh is part god, part human and oppresses his people harshly is reflective of the violence indicative of that era. The history of The Land of Two Rivers refers to Semitic tribes such as the Akkadians, Amorites, Hittites, Kassites, and Assyrians who all vie for control of the region. * The Sumerians organized a complex mythology based on the relationships among the various local gods of the temple towns. Each city-state was a theocracy, for the chief local god was believed to be the real sovereign. In Sumerian religion, the most important gods were seen as human forms of natural forces – sky, sun, earth, water, and storm. * There is rich symbolism in the creation of Enkidu by the sky God, Anu, the seduction of him by Shamhat, and his befriending by Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh embraces this man with the trust and intimacy that one would a wife. Thus, he and Enkidu lose their strength and wildness, lamenting the loss of this state. However, in its place are all the joys of civilization shine in their resplendence, and Gilgamesh is able to perform great deeds. As one considers several elements of the story that are a departure from the cultural and historic conventions of the Sumerian era, one recognizes a distinct turn in the narrative in the direction of exploring universal themes of the human condition: * The beneficence of Anu’s decision to create the wild man, Enkidu, in order to help Gilgamesh is contrary to the intrusive tendency of the gods. For Enkidu and Gilgamesh civilization is a process, the transformation of the primitive. Without the primitive, civilization would cease to exist. This Epic helps one to see past the conventional classifications of â€Å"civilized† and â€Å"primitive† so that one might recall what each of us gains in developing from one state of being to another. The conflict in this area is represented in Gilgamesh’s refusal to acknowledge the wisdom in Enkidu’s outrage at the abusive aspect of the practice of having intercourse with new brides. There is no nobility of purpose in Gilgamesh’s suggestion of a great adventure. It is merely a response to having grown weak and lazy living in the city, i. e. being civilized. * Enkidu is supposed to guard the life of the king, but, instead, loses his courage and attempts to turn back. Later in the encounter with Humbaba, he inspires Gilgamesh to muster the courage to come out of his hiding place. He ultimately oversteps his bounds when he advizes Gilgamesh to kill Humbaba for the sake of fame. He pays dearly for this mistake. All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and unpredictable, and one’s life a period of slavery to their whims. As a result, it is no surprise when the Chief Gods meet and decide that Enkidu should be punished for the killing of Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. * Gilgamesh is torn apart by the death of his friend, and allows his life to fall apart. This is hardly the behavior of an epic hero; it is more akin to the life of a modern anti-hero. He is in a panic over the thought of his own death, not in grief over the loss of his friend. Gilgamesh is given two chances to achieve immortality, but he cannot stay awake, and suffers the misfortune of having a snake eat his magic plant. The irony in the conclusion of the story of Gilgamesh’s epic adventure is symbolic of the destiny of the Sumerian culture. Gilgamesh, resigned to his fate as a mortal man, invites Urshanabi to look around and view the greatness of the city, its high walls, and its mason work. The architecture of this city-state is Gilgamesh’s legacy, and is the closest he will come to immortality. The cultural sophistication that characterized Sumerian culture inspired the cuneiform script that made it possible for the story of Gilgamesh’s epic journey to be captured on a stone of lapis lazuli at the base of the foundation the city walls of Uruk. By the same token, this epic tale conveys universal themes relevant to any age. All men struggle to behave in a civilized manner, and to control primitive impulses. All men struggle with weakness, laziness and complacency while enjoying the conveniences and comforts of civilization. All men are a mixture of courage and cowardice. All men experience struggles where it appears that they are sometimes helped, sometimes hindered by the gods to whom they pray. All men sometimes spurn the gods, and suffer the consequences, as Gilgamesh did with Ishtar. They also doubt themselves sometimes, as Gilgamesh did with the magic plant. Gilgamesh is as much a modern anti-hero who has fallen from grace as he is an, epic, ancient hero as he struggles in making decisions in conflict with his friend, Enkidu, and in fearing for his own mortality upon witnessing the eath of his companion. As Gilgamesh cries out in lament that he has gained absolutely nothing for himself, one encounters the classic theme of sacrifice of the individual for the sake of the greater good, the advancement of the culture. Paradoxically, his name lives on forever, as a result of his having resigned himself to the ultimate human inevitability, the acceptance of his own death. This is surely an enduring and r elevant theme for any era.

Legal Bases free essay sample

The Philippine Constitutions 1. 1935 CONST. Article XIV Section 5 2. 1973 CONST. Article XV Section 8 (1-8) 3. 1987 CONST. Article XIV Sections 1-5(5) THE 1987 CONSTITUTIONS Article XIV Sections 1-5(5) Section 1. The state shall protect and promote the right of all the citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Section 2. The state shall: 1. Establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to theneeds of the people and society; Establish and maintain s system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without Limiting the natural rights of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age; 3. Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged; 4. Encourage non- formal, informal and indigenous learning system, as well as self- learning independent andout-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Bases or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Provide adult citizens, the disabled and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency and other skills. Section 3. 1. All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of the curricula. 2. They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants endowments, donations or contributions used actually, directly and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax. Section 5. 1. The State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs. 2. Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning. 3. Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable and equitable admission and academic requirements. The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non- teaching academic and non- academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State. 5. The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment. BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 232(THE EDUCATION ACT OF 1982) This was an act providing for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education. In accordance with Section 2, this act shall apply to and govern both formal and non- formal system in public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational system. As provided by this Act, the national development goals are as follows: 1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress. 2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth; and 3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve, develop and promote desirable  cultural, moral and spiritual values in changing world. It is also stated in Section3 that: The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education, regardless of sex, age, creed socio- economic status, physical and mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other affiliation. The State shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education as well as the benefit s of education by all its citizens. RIGHTS OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOL (Section 9) 1. The right to receive competent instruction, relevant quality education. The right to freely choose their field of study subject to the existing curricula and continue their course up to graduation, except in cases of academic deficiency or violations of disciplinary regulations. 3. The right to school guidance and counseling services. 4. The right to access to his owns school records and the confidentiality of it. 5. The right to issuance of official certificates, diplomas, transcript of records, grades, transfer credentials and other similar document within thirty days from request. 6. The right to publish a student newspaper and invite resource persons during symposia, assemblies and other  activities. The right to free expression of opinions and suggestions and to effective channels of communication with appropriate academic and administrative bodies of the school or institutions. 8. The right to form or establish, join and participate in organizations and societies recognized by the school†¦, or to form, join and maintain organizations and societies for purposes not contrary to law. 9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except those approved by their organizations and societies. the appropriate government office in case of public school personnel and the school authorities concerned in case of private school personnel, when charged in administrative, civil and/or criminal proceedings, by parties other than the school authorities concerned, for actions committed directly in the lawful discharged of professional duties and/or in defense of school policies. 3. Establish join, maintain labor organization of their choice to promote their welfare and defend their interest.

Inertia and the Laws of Motion

Inertia and the Laws of Motion Inertia is the name for the tendency of an object in motion to remain in motion, or an object at rest to remain at rest  unless acted upon by a force. This concept was quantified in Newtons First Law of Motion. The word inertia came from the Latin word iners, which means idle or lazy and was first used by Johannes Kepler. Inertia and Mass Inertia is a quality of all objects made of matter that possess mass. They keep doing what they are doing until a force changes their speed or direction. A ball sitting still on a table wont start rolling around unless something pushes on it, be it your hand, a gust of air, or vibrations from the surface of the table. If you tossed a ball in the frictionless vacuum of space, it would travel on at the same speed and direction forever unless acted on by gravity or another force such as a collision. Volker Mà ¶hrke / Getty Images Mass is a measure of inertia. Objects of higher mass resist changes in motion more than objects of lower mass. A more massive ball, such as one made of lead, will take more of a push to start it rolling. A styrofoam ball of the same size but low mass may be set in motion by a puff of air. Theories of Motion From Aristotle to Galileo In everyday life, we see rolling balls come to rest. But they do so because they are acted on by force of gravity and from the effects of friction and air resistance. Because that is what we observe, for many centuries Western thought followed the theory of Aristotle, who said that moving objects would eventually come to rest and needed continued force to keep them in motion. In the seventeenth century, Galileo experimented with rolling balls on inclined planes. He discovered that as friction was reduced, balls rolled down an inclined plane attained almost the same height rolling back up an opposing plane. He reasoned that if there were no friction, they would roll down an incline and then keep rolling on a horizontal surface forever. It wasnt something innate in the ball that caused it to stop rolling; it was contact with the surface. Newtons First Law of Motion and Inertia Isaac Newton developed the principles shown in Galileos observations into his first law of motion. It takes a force to stop the ball from continuing to roll once it is set in motion. It takes a force to change its speed and direction. It doesnt need a force to continue moving at the same speed in the same direction. The first law of motion is often referred to as the law of inertia. This law applies to an inertial reference frame. Corollary 5 of Newtons Principia says: The motions of bodies included in a given space are the same among themselves, whether that space is at rest or moves uniformly forwards in a straight line without circular motion. In this way, if you drop a ball on a moving train that is not accelerating, you will see the ball fall straight downward, as you would on a train that was not moving.

Negative Effects of Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negative Effects of Social Networking - Essay Example Social networking sites promote faster and efficient communication with family friends who may be far away. Moreover, these sites give an opportunity to connect and reconnect with close long lost friends and acquaintances. However, issues of privacy and degradation of social values have been raised with the use of social networking sites. Though social networking has enhanced connections that would otherwise be lost, a number of issues arise with the use of these sites such as the negative effects including the death of emotions and empathy, lack of privacy, and false friendships. Â  Social networking sites promote connections and communication among users and thus enhancing lives. According to Dunbar, Facebook allows people to create networks, renew lost friendships, and enhances communication. In the agreement, Lam notes that communication technology such as the networking sites has enhanced humankind in a number of ways. Similarly, Helfand states that social networking sites have allowed people to connect with others and share personal information online that can be viewed by family and friends such as what someone is doing, eating, or even location.

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business Assignment

Developing a loyalty program for the online grocery business - Assignment Example A primary study was conducted that refuted much of the psycho-social dimensions associated with loyalty studies. Findings indicated that the primary motivator for enrolment in loyalty programs was price, with no mention of psycho-social characteristics and implications. As such, recommendations founded on the research include rejection of tiered loyalty programs, targeting only relationship-centric promotions to the older consumer demographic, and using short-term pricing incentives. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................ 1.1 Aim............................................................................................................. 1.2 Scope......................................................................................................... 2.0 Literature review........................................................................................ 2.1 The benefit of loyalty programs. ................................................................ ... ............................................................ 4.2 Relating results to theory............................................................................ 5.0 Conclusion.................................................................................................. 6.0 Recommendations...................................................................................... 7.0 References.................................................................................................. Consultant Report 1.0 Introduction This report provides consultant advice on the potential opportunities of implementing a customer loyalty program for the online grocer. Loyalty programs, in some industries, have a direct correlation to repurchase intention that is supported by research studies on the phenomenon of the linkages between consumer behaviour and their utilisation patterns associated with loyalty schemes. There are many implications for the issuer of the loyalty program, both adva ntageous and unfavourable, that include cost and management problems, abandonment strategies in the event of scheme failure, and the ability of the program to alter consumption behaviour. 1.1 Aim The aim of the study is to understand the theoretical versus practice-based underpinnings of loyalty schemes and their relationship to potentially coercing increased repurchase intention with desirable target markets and improving business profitability. 1.2 Scope To fully comprehend the potential success opportunities for launching a loyalty program for the online grocer, the report utilised a blend of secondary research on the phenomenon of consumer loyalty, consumer behaviour, plus control and management of loyalty schemes. Supplementing the aforementioned theory are findings from a primary

SWOT Analysis Of Nandos Restaurant

SWOT Analysis Of Nandos Restaurant Nandos city restaurant is situated in the heart of Aucklands CBD on Queen Street amongst many other food outlets. Nandos is a casual dining restaurant group originating from South Africa with a Portuguese/Mozambican theme. Founded in 1987, Nandos operates in 30 countries on 5 continents. Nandos specializes in chicken dishes with either lemon or herb, medium, hot or extra hot Peri-Peri marinades. In some countries, Nandos has other flavor options like mango and lime or Mediterranean. Nandos Restaurants is a brand image in the food industry in South Africa and now they have expanded to many parts of the world. The restaurant opened for the first time in Auckland New Zealand in 2001 and has expanded through franchising. Nandos has touched the lives of every South African living in New Zealand giving them a taste of home. They have improved the quality of their product every day and improved the quality of product and services over the years. So by doing this they deliver their customers an outstanding Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSCV). I choose this company because I have managed the Nandos in Tauranga for 6 months and I have been working at Nandos Queen Street for another 6 months. I have also working in Nandos South Africa for 3 years. The problems I faced while working for Nandos New Zealand was wastage, culture, high turnover of staff and hygiene problems etc. at the restaurant. I applied problem solving models like SWOT analysis. There were concerns with other employees of what type of problems is facing them and how to solve those problems. After researching I came to the result that because of the working environment, work stress, employees belonging to different countries, problems in communication and conflict with management. This all shows that staff needs a good training; management need training for setting rosters, lack of motivation, bad organization structure, less staff on busy shifts. Introduction All the problems which was identified in Assignment Part A will go through research process as we need to find out practical solutions for those problems. The setting for the whole project is described by few tasks or steps: Identified business problem. Need to do research for the reasons behind those problems. Need to find possible solutions. Problems that are facing Nandos are: Cultural Differences. High staff turnover. Lack of communication. Lack of motivation. Less staff in busy shifts. Hygiene problems. Research Questions: After all these problems were identified the next step is to do research and to find what the research questions are. What are the reasons behind these problems? Is there any weakness in the business behind these problems? What are the solutions behind these problems? Value of this research for the company: This research is of real benefit to the organization because they will get reasons for the problems. Our goal is to solve that problem and we will achieve our goal that the business will grow rapidly and the staff will also not get any type of problem. The management concept of principle which will explain this is: Henry Fayol in 1916 As he presented 14 principles and 5 elements which are necessary for management are: Purveyance To organize To command To co-ordinate To control This is the management principle and we can also see the value of research for the organization. Aim and purpose of the study This study has some aims and purpose which are listed below: First to find out the reasons behind those problems To find out the possible solutions for the problems. Purpose of the study: To get more knowledge about solving problems. How to use problem solving models to solve the problems for these types of companies. Methodology This part of the assignment is going to explain the methods to find the solution of these problems. We are suing a research process which includes the interview with restaurant manager, staff and customer feedback. It was carried out both formally and informally. In the end we used SWOT analysis we are going to solve these problems and to find the facts behind these problems and going to get primary data as well. This primary data involve surveys and interviews from different people as well. In the staff surveys we asked staffs what we need to do for improvement and responses we get is staff need more training, motivation and good communication. The same questions were asked to the restaurant manager as well in addition to controlling labor and improving hygiene at the restaurant. We had similar results which are more training, more working hours and motivations is needed. Customers want improvements in service and need more cleanliness in wastage and restrooms. This all comes in qualitative measures. I interviewed: My manager. Staff members. Took surveys from staff. Interview was conducted on 17th May 2011 at 15:00 because at this time they are no so busy. Literature review: This literature is about the research to figure out problems and the possible solutions behind those problems. I am going to do the SWOT analysis. This will help to find the problems and to find the possible solutions for those problems. STRENGTHS Second largest chicken restaurant. Lots of variety than others. Strong financial status. Customer feels flexible while giving orders. Friendly environment Big range of choices at very reasonable prices Big amount of investment has gone into supporting the franchise network. All food on the menu is healthy and nonfattening because it is flamed cooked on a open fire. WEAKNESS Not owned stores just expanded through franchising. Less organized staff. Customers cannot give order online. They do not announce the employee of the month. Nandos has a high turnover of staff and they need to spend more money on training and development Not many people like to eat healthy food all the time. Most of the time quality issues arise across franchising. Food takes too long to cook. Customers get impatient waiting for their food. Cast between the India people causes problems. OPPORTUNITIES New product developments like breakfast and not just a standard menu. Launching new burgers and promotions. Good learning experiences for staff. Increase market shares from their competitors. They can focus on CSR (corporate social responsibilities) THREATS Competition with KFC and other fast food stores. Attracting customers to eat junk instead of coming to Nandos to eat healthy. Customers do not want to wait a long time to place orders and receive orders. Recession and downturn in the economy may affect the retailers sales. Strengths and limitations of the study: This section will show some strength and few limitations which are listed below: As this study involves interviews this comes in qualitative measure. So qualitative measure always gives us deeper analysis of any study. This study creates some limitations as well: Limitations of study: These studies sometimes do not give accurate results. This research can be easily distracted from the purpose of research. I want to give more research keys and those are, episodic analysis and feedback. Now I am going to explain Porters five forces to explain the methodology and its relevance to the theory. THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS KFC is the main threat for Nandos Queen Street and burgers and chicken offered by newly opened shops that are selling products at lower prices are the main threats.PORTERS FIVE FORCES OF NANDOS RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING FIRMS In downtown there are existing competitions for Nandos. Apart from fast food chains the company has to face a tough competition from other fast food chains like KFC and other new suppliers like world and local food shops DERTERMINAITON OF BUYER POWER Purchasing power of the customer is another force that affects the business. This is affected by the per capita income, income and saving of the customer in the particular ethnic group and region. THREAT OF SUBSTITUE PRODUCT As there are other fast food chains like KFC, Subway and Burger King there is a threat of substitute products offered by these chains and local food shops, restaurants and take away. These products are offered in a wide range at competitive prices. DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLIERS POWER The main factors affecting Nandos are suppliers concentration. The main internals supplier is Tegal Chicken and external supplier is COKE that process the threat forward integration.Results and Discussions As I interviewed restaurant manager and staff members I got some information about Nandos and some primary results as well. There are certain problems that are faced by Nandos Queen Street, these problems are both external and internal. These problems are identified as under: Cultural differences: Everyone belongs to different countries/cast and they do not know how to communicate with each other and how to respect each other. So there is no good work ethics. Lack of motivation: The managers are not acknowledging staff if they have done a good job. Reasons for high turnover Poor training Working environment Work stress Poor management Conflicts with management Poor training: The main reason of the employees high turnover is the lack of skills and knowledge and the partiality by the management. As everyone belongs to different countries and they lose confidence while taking new staff by the existing staff which should not be done in good organizations. Working environment: The working environment is not good for the staff because the staff like to work in a company where they are rewarded for their work or management should motivate them. So because of all this there is lack of motivation as well. Work Stress: Management does not set the roster properly and this leads to less staff in busy shifts and because of this their staff feels work stress. So they cannot manage stress. Poor management: The managers leadership style is wrong they are autocratic they do not listen to what staff is telling them. Conflict with management: Due to lack of understanding in organization staff conflict with management. Analysis of data: I think that the reason behind the cultural differences is staff is very stereotyped. As they belong to different countries they do not give importance to people of other culture. There is a lack of motivation in the company because staff are not awarded or motivated by the management if they have done a good job. Less staff in busy shifts because managers do not set the roster properly like they dont know when the restaurant is going to be busy so there is too much stress on staff on busy shifts. There is no understanding between the management and staff. Managers sometimes do partiality with their staff so there is no understanding between them and the business cannot grow. So those are the reason behind all these problems and now second thing is to give the possible solutions of these problems. On the basis of interviews these are the possible solutions which are given below: Solutions of the culture difference problem: There is only one solution to this problem that is the staff and the management has to change their stereotype nature and have to have good communication with each other. They need to understand other culture so they cannot lose confidence while communication with each other. There should be some activities, they should organize a party one in every two months so they can understand other staff members culture so they can manage everything well while working. Solution to lack of motivation: The solution to this problem is that they should have an employee of the month competition because this will increase the level of staffs performance and reward them for a job well done. Solution to the problem high staff turnover: As there is a problem of poor management because managers do not know how to set rosters for a busy shift so they should get training from head office so that the mangers and company gets well organized. Managers should also get a weekly report from head office so they have an idea of how they are performing. Appropriate training is very important for every organization so the restaurant manager should also give training according to the job description requirements so there is not a high turnover of employees. Work rotation is key in any business to increase interest in other aspects of the restaurant by allowing staff to multitask. They should recruit accurate staff who is energetic and lively. During interviews managers must set down the rules and procedures and job description. They should be fair with employees and if they want improvement in the company they have to give sufficient training to employees. Solution to wastage: Staff needs to use their mentality and to organize and know when they will be busy and at what time and what kind of menu items will be ordered. When I worked at Nandos the busiest time was between 11am to 1pm. The main menu items being ordered consistently for months as Rice, Pitas, Wraps and burgers. So my common sense told me to make more chicken tenders and chicken fillet patties cooked and kept ready and to keep less full chickens. All left over food from the night should be given to feeding charities and not to staff because staff used to cook extra chicken so it can get wasted and they can take it home. Management Theory: Four principles of management theory are: Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. Planning For motivation we have to make a plan and have to reward them for good work. Organizing It is very necessary to seat a roster properly and should be organized for a good balance in life. Leading Managers should lead staff in a proper way. Controlling As restaurant manager has full control on labor we need to take the feedback from all staff and the manager. I have given the SWOT problem solving model earlier. So all this is an appropriate management theory to explain the meaning of my finding of the result and their relevance. Conclusions and recommendations Conclusion This research comes to an end and lastly I want to say that Nandos Queen Street is facing high problems in culture differences, wastage, high staff turnover because of poor training and poor management. The discussions from all the staff and managers we came to the result that training is necessary with work rotation at work with accurate recruitment system. This solution will help the restaurant to minimize high staff turnover and if employees get proper training they would know what to do at a particular time. They will know about the rules and duties so their work output would be good. Job rotation will help staff to undertake all the transfers as they can do multitasking by handling any task like making burgers, grilling chicken, taking orders and give customers a better service. All these things will make staff more confident and the business will grow rapidly. I have discussed and analyzed each solution for every problem so that shows that both aim and purpose of research activity has been solved. Recommendations: I want to recommend that the restaurant manager should study the details of surveys. They need to organize everything according to the plans. They should arrange a meeting once every month and concentrate on the issues like job rotation for staff and to hire suitable staff. The managers should understand their staff and the need to look after the aspects of the restaurant. They should give them more hours of training. The manager should talk to staff face to face to hear their problems and he should come up with a strong solution to build a good relationship with them. They should not hesitate when talking to the manager. They should implement four principles of management to try out the things that causes problems in the restaurant. References: Class notes Information from Assignment Part A Google

Character Essay

Hope, Tenacity, and Ingenuity are all important things everyone must have in order to survive in life, however, when you are placed in danger, these character traits can be the most valuable thing you can have. In the sport of rock climbing/ hiking, people put themselves in harms way in order for the thrill of the sport, but also to push their limits to reach the end. However, sometimes, these dangers you believe that could not happen strike and can change your life entirely. In Danny Boyle’s â€Å"127 Hours,† Aron Ralston is going on a little hike around a canyon were he slips and gets is arm stuck under a rock.Ralston is an excellent example of the 3 key character traits because he uses them all in order to help his escape. In the film, it showed many hallucinations Ralston would see because while he was stuck in the crevice with little to no chance of survival, he still hoped for a miracle and never gave up. His attitude to never give up, or his tenacity, was another important key element to his survival because whenever he would fail with one attempt, instead of getting depressed and giving up, he would think of another way to get out and stayed strong, even in the hardest times.The last element would be his ingenuity because he used all his knowledge of making a pulley, about amputation, and many other things, which aided him in his escape of the crevice. There is one scene where it shows a montage of images with Ralston attempting to throw rope over a ledge in order to make a pulley system, and it showed him fail many times but it showed him using all of the character traits because he never gave up, hoped for a way out, and used his knowledge of a good way to get out of the rock.In the myth of a Sisyphus however, the man stuck on the cliff has a bit of a different attitude then Ralston had. He man stuck on the hill, who is forced to move a rock to the top, only to fail and have to try again. Although all hope of him escaping has died, he st ill stays strong and attempts to achieve the goal. The man does not use any of these traits because he only does one thing; rather then find other ways that could help him achieve his goal.As you can see, the difference between with someone with these characteristics and someone without show completely different outcomes. This is just another example of why it is good to have these traits and shows the pain you will have to go through if you are stuck in a dangerous type of situation. The last example about how these traits are important would be in Krakauer’s story of â€Å"Into Thin Air. † This story is about a group of people venturing up Mt Everest, however on the decent down, a horrible storm hits and basically ends up killing most of the people on the hike.Although some people died in this story who showed good qualities and the character traits, it was not enough for the dangers that lurked in the novel. Even though all of the survivors were people who never gav e up, and hoped o get down, people like Krakauer did not have to much experience and his ingenuity was of not as much help as either fFcher or halls ingenuity would be. Without these traits, Krakauer may not have made it down because if were to of just given up, then he would have just died like the rest of his friends.

Richard Layard stated that ‘happiness comes from outside and within’ Essay

Happiness is described as a positive feeling that ranges from Joy to contentment. Everybody would like to be happy. It is believed that people who are happy are more successful, productive, have better relationships and better health. We would like to maintain these feelings when we have them. Richard Layard uses the terms ‘outside’ and ‘within’ to describe where happiness comes from. ‘Outside’ factors include influences like relationships, social identities and culture. ‘Within’ looks at influences such as biology, thoughts and feelings. So the ‘outside’ relates to social influences and ‘within’ relates to personal factors inside the individual. This essay aims to find evidence of these multiple influences in order to explain Richard Layard’s statement. First it will address ‘within’, next it will look at the ‘outside’, finishing with a conclusion. A key biological factor of happiness is linked to a healthy lifestyle and eating the right food. Exercising and eating right increases the body’s level of endorphins, which naturally gives us a boost. Certain foods stimulate the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin regulates mood, appetite and sleep, and is what produces the feelings of happiness and satisfaction within us. If we have low levels of serotonin we feel depressed and anxious. Judith Wurtman (1996) (cited in starting psychology 2011) found a connection between low levels of serotonin and a diet low in carbohydrates. People on high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate diets reported feelings of depression anger and tension which were unusually high. Foods that stimulate serotonin contain a chemical called tryptophan. Foods like fish, nuts, beans, eggs, oats and chocolate all contain this mood boosting chemical. So what we put in our bodies can affect our level of happiness. When Layard states happi ness comes from ‘within’ he is drawing on these biological factors. But are some of us born with a genetic predisposition to be happier than others? Richard Davidson et al. (2000) (cited in starting psychology 2011) used an EEG to measure where the brain is active when we are happy. It found that happy people show more activity in the front of the brain on the left  hand-side than the right and vice versa when people are unhappy. Some people naturally use one side of their brain more than the other, using the left side more means you are likely to show higher levels of happiness regardless of your experiences. This theory was tested on babies and toddlers. Both left hand-sided babies and toddlers showed less distress when separated from their mothers and were better at new situations than babies and toddlers who were right hand-sided. This shows some level of happiness is genetically inherited again a ‘within’ factor of biological evidence to support Layard’s theory. Davidson teamed up with Jon Kabat-Zin to see if mediation had any effect on the right and left front brain activity. They carried out an experiment on a group of high pressure workers. The group was divided into two and one group was taught how to meditate, the other was told they would start later. Eight weeks later the group who learned to meditate were significantly happier, coped better with stress and had greater immunity when given a flu vaccination than the group who had not yet started. It also showed that their level of brain activity had shifted to the left. So although the brain and how it works is fundamental in how happiness is produced you can effectively train your brain to work in a different way by altering its plasticity. (Starting Psychology 2011) All these biological factors contribute to our level of happiness and is what Layard meant by ‘within’ influences. These are not the only influences on our happiness; relationships and environment play a large role too. Richard Layard’s (2005) research into happiness identified a list of seven factors that promote wellbeing. The list states family and close relationships are the number one factors for happiness as they are emotionally sustaining. This tells us that the ‘outside’ influences of relationships that Layard refers to are essential. (Starting Psychology 2011). Relationships start in the womb and continue throughout life. Early relationships influence the emotional development of children and a securely attached child is confident, has high self-esteem and knows it is loved and valued, creating happiness. The findings from Mary Ainsworth (1978) (cited  in Starting Psychology 2011) when she observed one year old babies in her experiment ‘the Strange situation’ confirms this claim. Children played in a room and their reactions were recorded when the parent left and a stranger entered. Securely attached children were happy to explore and play whilst the paren t was present, but became distressed when left. They were easily comforted when the parent returned, however when a stranger entered the child could not be comforted and resisted the stranger. Insecurely attached children were less confident in exploring, were indifferent to the presence or absence of the parent and indecisive about whether they wanted comforting or not. A recent UNICEF report (2007) showed how significant relationships with family and friends are in producing happiness in children. This report was about children’s wellbeing in twenty-one developed countries, and the UK found itself at the bottom of the list, behind poorer countries. The reason for this ranking seemed to be poor quality relationships with family, friends and peers. It emerged that being loved and supported by family and friends was the most important elements for a happy childhood. (Starting Psychology 2011). In adulthood people who manage good communication are happier than others. Robert Lane (2000) also argued we gain happiness from people’s affection and acceptance of us and it is this feeling of being valued that influences our mood. When we are with people we exchange positive non-verbal communication. Our body language promotes friendly interaction which leads to laughter and happiness. Also several large studies have shown a link between expressing gratitude and high feelings of happiness according to Seligman (2005). When we thank someone we not only make the person feel good it increases our mood. All these examples show evidence of what Layard meant by ‘Outside’ influences on our happiness. (Starting Psychology 2011). In conclusion many contributing factors make us happy. These few examples are biological and social influences confirming Richard Layard’s opinion that ‘happiness comes from outside and within’ It seems that a combination of influences are essential in contributing to our overall happiness, there are  many other factors that also play a part in our happiness, but it is clear from this evidence that a person’s biological state and close personal relationships directly affect levels of happiness.

Internship Report Sigma Accounting Professional Tax...

Ami Maniyar (0322905) Internship Company: Alpha Accounting Professional Tax Services Internship Report timing: January 10TH to April 15TH , 2016 I am doing Bachelor of Science in Accounting Degree at New Jersey City University. I am in my 3rd year and So , I am needed to conduct a three month internship. I am looking for an internship position which will help me build my career and strengthen my expertise e in my education field which will increase my possibilities within the job market. This is my first internship and I am confident to say that I have added to the academic courses that I have been studying in college the experience to apply them in realistic case that helped me a lot to understand†¦show more content†¦Individual must have filling requirement and file a valid federal income tax return to receive an ITIN, unless they meet an exclusion. ITINs for federal tax reporting only, and are not intended to serve any other objective. IRS issues ITIN to help individuals comply with the U.S.tax laws, and to provide a means to efficiently process and account for tax returns and payments for those not eligible for SSN. An ITIN does not authorize to work in the U.S. Or provide eligibility for Social Security benefits or the earned Income Tax Credit. IRS issues ITINs to foreign nationals and others who have federal tax reporting or filing requirements and do not qualify for SSNs. A non- resident alien individual not eligible for a SSN who is required to fil e a U.S. Tax return only to claim a refund of tax under the provisions of a U.S. Tax treaty needs an ITIN. A dependent or Spouse of a U.S. Citizen / resident alien. One more thing is I learn how to file 1040 U.S. Individual Income Tax Return (2015) . how to fill up the w2 and enter into the form 1040, Which amount goes where? I knew that if I do practical, I will be more confident about it. I learnt the all schedule and sections like A, B,C, D,E and F. wsecdele A is for Itemized Deductions. Now I know that federal income tax return will be less if we the larger amount of itemized deduction or standard deduction.. in the itemized deduction include medical and dental expenses,Show MoreRelatedEvaluation Of Academic Performance Action Plan1298 Words   |  6 Pagesgrade of B. In addition to that, I found that completing the assignments even a month before they were due helped me clear my schedule and allowed me more time to do research on internship opportunities. To determine if I have achieved a significative progress in maintaining a GPA above 3.5, I will join Beta Gamma Sigma on Spring 2017 and remain part of it until I graduate. In addition, I’ll change my studying technique for exams and prepare a week prior to the tests. I will be able to determineRead MoreI Am Comfortable Operating Any Software Platform1836 Words   |  8 Pagesborn and brought up in rural India. 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